oundation or Individual in a Determinate Universe

Foundation or Individual in a Determinate Universe ABSTRACT: The concept presented in this report makes a summary of the author’s attempts to find a solution to the problem of compatibility of determinism and the freedom of human choice. This problem becomes apparently an isoluble paradox if one admits that the notion of freedom of human choice includes negation of the predetermination of decisions taken. Denial of such an inclusion is based on an analysis of the reasons that have led to the notion of freedom of human choice. Basically, this notion is intimately linked with the actual mechanism of decision-making. However, the concept of freedom of human choice is not identical to this mechanism and should be regarded as a†¦show more content†¦However, the ideal is far from reality, and this discrepancy in fact lies at the root of all social problems and necessitates the search for palliative and by no means simple solutions. Philosophers and scientists have been committed, from time immemorial, to the search for, and implementation of, these circuitous solutions... Intellect, however, resolves its tasks staying confined to a determinate flow of human existence. Its freedom of choice has an internal definition (as given above), quite sufficient within the framework of life. Although the sphere of life is part of the Universe (undoubtedly, an infinitesimal part in terms of extent), it is a center of existence for the carriers of life, a focus of their world, a system of reference, and the starting point for comprehending the things as they are. They came into being here, they became aware of their selves here, they became conscious here of their separateness from the surrounding world and their link with it, and they are inalienable from their nature. The standing of humans as a cognitive system has a temporal origin – it is the time when a hierarchy of preferences has emerged. In the human self-consciousness, this creates a sensation that the act of volition is independent of the processes of antecedent preferences; in fact, the previous history of preferences becomes eliminated. But it is precisely the previous history of preferences

An Analysis of William Faulkner’s “a Rose for Emily”

The Devastating Outcome of Oppression: An Analysis of William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† When a person has only been taught dysfunctional love, it is all too often that this is the only kind of love they will ever experience. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, William Faulkner explores an unorthodox relationship between an aristocratic southern lady named Miss Emily Grierson, and a blue-collar northern fellow named Homer Barron. The narrator, who likely represents the townspeople, describes Miss Emily’s unusual father in detail. Because of this illuminating description, the reader is able to begin to understand the strange dynamic Mr. Grierson and his daughter share. The story reveals how an over-controlling parent can negatively†¦show more content†¦However, the Grierson’s perception of themselves has not changed over the years. This is evident when the narrator remembers how â€Å"the Griersons held themselves a little too high† (31). Emily’s upbringing and place in society are in opposition with her first real beau, Homer Bar ron, who is a Yankee construction foreman. The reader is informed that Homer â€Å"liked men, and it was know that he drank with the younger men in the Elks’ Club – that he was not a marrying man† (32). This is verification that Homer represents the epitome of the type of suitor who Emily’s father was attempting to protect her from. Homer is not of adequate social class and is seemingly not interested in a long-term relationship. A further social significance of this relationship is noted by observing the impossibility of this relationship when Emily’s father is alive. It is only after Emily’s oppressor passes away that she can be with Homer and is free to make her own decisions. 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Fit Crackers Market Analysis Free Essays

string(65) " It also exported other countries like PRAN’s others products\." MKT 201Sec: 07 Submitted To: Mr. Abul Khair Jyote Submitted By: Group â€Å"Innovi† GROUP MEMBERS MD. Asif Chowdhury,ID: 1010498 Nafisa Khan, ID:1020718 Tusher Mahamud, ID: 1127026 Shadia Tahsin, ID: 1221675 Yasmin Jahan, ID: 1127036 Submission Date: 25th november 2012 ASSIGNMENT ON: â€Å"Fit Crackers† Acknowledgement: We would like to thank our respected course instructor Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Fit Crackers Market Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Abul Khair Jyote to give us such an opportunity to make a group report on a product’s market analysis. We also want to give him a special word of thanks for his persistent guidance and encouragement at all stages of this work. We consider it a great opportunity to have a share of his knowledge and experience in the field of marketing. And we want to thank the Pran foods company’s employees for giving us such valuable information. We also want to thank our guardians, seniors and friends who help us to make our report valuable and complete by giving information and their valuable perceptions. Topic Name| Page No. | 1. Executive Summary| 1| 2. Introduction * Company overview * Product| 2-32-33| 3. Marketing Mix * Product * Price * Place * Promotion| 44444| 4. Market Strategies * Market Segmentation * Target Market * Market Positioning| 5-655-66| 5. Practice of Marketing Concept| 6| 6. Building Customer Relationship| 6-7| 7. Customer Relationship Group| 7-8| 8. Competitors| 8| 9. SWOT Analysis| 9| 10. Ad Analysis| 10| 11. Product Life Cycle| 11| 12. Conclusion| 11| Executive Summary: Fit Crackers is a product of Pran Food Company. It starts the journey in 2012 with milk favored biscuit. Slogan of this product was â€Å"ESE GELO CRISPY CRUNCHY FIT CRACKERS EKBAR KHAN R TOTALLY CRAGY HOYE JAN†. Weight of this product is 130gm and price is TK. 0. In market segmentation it does not focus only a special group. It divides market into multiple segments like demographic, Psychographic segmentation. It uses different target marketing strategies for its several customers. Its target customers are children, young people. That is why it uses milk flavor, sweet and healthy ingredients. It holds a great position in the consumer mind by creating g ood taste of biscuit also favorable price for every class of people. To build a good relationship Pran always handle their consumer promptly. PRAN view their consumers’ as their king. They build and maintain profitable customer relationships via endorsing consumers’ satisfaction. It also maintains good customer relationship. At the beginning of Fit crackers it has good demand in the local market. But day by day competitors are increasing by offering more variety product with fewer prices like Fnf crackers by Danish group. In the SWOT analysis it has good chance to hold market also have weakness threats to escape from the market. Pran fit Cracker has an Ad which telecasts on Tv also it circulates Ad on some newspaper. This ad actually dictates that people who love craziness especially the younger can enjoy it more to feel their craziness. Fit Crackers starts its life cycle from introduction with great effort and successfully hold in the market but due to increasing competitors its now in maturity stage which is not good for Pran. At last we can indicate that to survive in the competitive market Pran have to come with new variety taste of fit crackers like Fnf Crackers with attractive price by providing superior taste than other competitors. Page No. 01 Introduction: We analyze the market of â€Å"Fit Crackers† a product of PRAN Foods Company. The introduction part divided into two sections one is about company and the other one is about the product. Company Overview: â€Å"PRAN† is currently one of the most admired food and beverage brand among the peoples of Bangladesh. PRAN started in 1981 as a processors fruit and vegetable in Bangladesh. All the PRAN products are produced as per international standards maintaining highest level of quality at every stages of its production process. PRAN products are regularly being exported among 82 countries around the world. The company has adopted ISO 9001 as a guiding principle of its management system. This company is complaint to HACCP and certified with HALAL, which ensures the best quality products reaches to the customers around the world. Company Aim: â€Å"To generate employment and earn dignity and self-respect for their competitors through profitable enterprises. † Vision: â€Å"Improving Livelihood† PRAN is currently producing 200 hundred products under 10 different categories. Page No. 02 Company Objective * Profit maximization * Maximize sales * Growth * Maximize sales revenue Attract and retain loyal customers by providing value for customers LOGO Company Address: Corporate Address: PRAN-RFL Centre, 105 Middle Badda, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh. Phone: 880-2-9881792 Ext-345, 880-2-8835546 Fax: 88-02-8837464 Web Address: www. pranfoods. net Product Introduction: Our market analyzing product name is â€Å"Fit Crackers† it’s a milk-flavored biscuit. It’s a Bangladeshi product. It is under their Dairy Category. PRAN Dairy Limited manufactures it in their factory Bagpara, Palash, Narsingdi. PRAN come with a new milk flavored biscuits with new taste and new design Launch Year: 2012 Page No. 03 Country of origin: Bangladesh Storage Information: Keep in dry and cool place. Marketing Mix: The marketing mix consists of everything that the PRAN Fit Crackers can do to influence the demand for its product. The many possibilities can be collected into four groups of variables known as the 4Ps. Product: In short, we can define product as anything that can be offered to a market or consumer for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy a need or want. This product is pure tangible goods. Levels of the product: The following are the two levels of this product: Core Benefit: Satisfaction of hunger, ensure nutrition to the people. Actual Product Name: Fit Crackers, a PRAN food. A new milk- flavored crispy, crunchy and tasty biscuit with new and different style packing. Tagline/Slogan: â€Å"ESE GELO CRISPY CRUNCHY FIT CRACKERS EKBAR KHAN R TOTALLY CRAGY HOYE JAN† Net Weight: 130 GM. Price: Tk. 30. 00, which is based on their target customer’s income. Place: This product is available in every grocery and departmental shops of Bangladesh. It also exported other countries like PRAN’s others products. You read "Fit Crackers Market Analysis" in category "Essay examples" Promotion: It uses newspaper and TV Ad as promotional activities. Page No. 04 Market Strategies: Market positioning Target marketing Market segmentation This process involves market segmentation, target marketing, differentiation and positioning. Market Segmentation: Market segmentation is one of the most important parts in marketing. It is the part where marketers divide the market into small groups of buyers’ distinct needs, characteristics, or behavior that might require separate products or marketing mixes. Here, Multiple segmentation is use to choose the market. Demographic Segmentation Age life cycle: This is a milk flavored sweet healthy and biscuit which is for children and young people mainly. Because for older people sweet and fat is not healthy. They choose a small family size. Religion: They choose not only Non-Muslim and non-vegetarian but also for Muslim and vegetarian. Psychographic Segmentation: It’s a milk flavored crispy crunchy biscuit, which new different taste create craziness. Its slogan based on this psychology of craziness. They choose middle class people for their market. Target Marketing: It uses different target marketing strategies for its several customers. Its target customers are children, young people. That is why it uses milk flavor, sweet and healthy ingredients. Make the product crispy, crunchy and tasty to attract the customers. It designed and weighted based on another customer small families. Page No. 05 Another customer is middle class people who like to take biscuits with tea. To attract middle class people it designed like a meal, which people can take with tea. Moreover, they make a lower price for middle class people. It targets not only Non-Muslim and non-vegetarian people but also Muslim and vegetarian people. That is why they use HALAL and vegetarian ingredients to make this product. Market Positioning: While promoting or introducing a new product it is very important to have a good and strong positioning strategy. Product position is the way the product defined by consumers on important attributes-the place and product occupies in consumers’ minds relative to competing. As fit crackers is a product of PRAN group create position in the consumer mind by promoting attractive ad with great milk flavor taste also with good brand name (Pran) so is definitely have a better place relatively to competing products in the minds of target customers. It’s completely a new product with an advantage over other competitor by offering good taste with good price which can easily affordable to every class of people. Practice of Marketing Concepts: There are five marketing concepts. * Production * Product * Selling * Marketing * Social Marketing Concept From this PRAN practice Marketing concepts for â€Å"Fit Crackers† Marketing concepts: They view their customers as their king and as their laypeople. They identify needs and wants of the target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions better than competitors do. That is why they come with different milk-flavored biscuit from their competitors innovating new taste according to their customer choice. Building Customer Relationship: PRAN view their consumers’ as their king. They care about their consumers. They build and maintain profitable customer relationships via endorsing consumers’ satisfaction. They fully support consumers’ right to know what is in the product and they are transparent in terms of ingredients. They provide clear communication about their product ingredients, date of expire, nutrition values, etc. Page No. 06 They recently have started PCC (PRAN Customer Care) The eventual goal of their customer care program is to build long-term profitable relationships with their customers. They honor the communication to their customers. So, they humbly request their customers to feel free to communicate with them regarding following issues: * Complaint for the product * Price information * Benefits of the product * Comments for the product * And any other issues Objectives to seek through their customers’ care are: * To create a culture of customer focus To receive complaints from the customers on product related matters * To achieve customer satisfaction * To create rapport and loyalty They provide the easiest way to communication as they care valuable time of their consumers. Consumers can communicate with them about them through: * Cell Phone: +88-01973-737777 (During 8 A. M. to 8 P. M. ) * Through their web mail- dairy@prangroup. com Customer Relationship Groups: For capturing V alue from customers every product or company need to identify its customer groups. There are four customer groups: Short-term Customer Project Loyalty Long –term Customer High Profitability Low Profitability Potential Profitability Page No. 07 True Friends; Small families who are always having product of PRAN and very loyal to as PRAN product consumers they are also â€Å"Fit Crackers† true Fiends. Butterflies: Children or young people are â€Å"Fit Crackers† Butterflies. They are highly profitable but if they get extra facilities from another crackers biscuits like taste change, cost effective facility they will switch to another crackers biscuits. Strangers: Some people live in Bangladesh but do not like to have Bangladeshi manufacturing products they always try to choose exported products for their own use. That kind of people is strangers for â€Å"Fit Crackers†. However, they are very little in size. Barnacles: Upper Middle class and upper class people are like Barnacles for â€Å"Fit Crackers†. Because they are, like fastidious. However, they are very loyal to PRAN, the leading Bangladeshi agro-based manufacturing company. However, if they find a simple fault or very little taste dissatisfaction they will be switch to others. Competitors: Day by day new competitors has arrived on of them is ‘FnF crackers’ by Danish group. They also provide the same design biscuit but their price of the product is not so high Tk. 30. n also tastes different from Fit crackers. Main point is that they brought small packet size 65-gram n price 15 Tk. Therefore, â€Å"FnF crackers† have a strong chance to compete. Page No. 08 Source: Prothom Alo News Paper Bangladesh, 22 November 2012, Front Page. SWOT Analysis: Strengths * Completely new Segment. * Taste is good. * Consumer perception is good. * Reasonable price than other product| Weaknesses * Low market share. Lack of brand awareness. * Lack of variety. * Lack of product size differentiation. | Threats * Competitors have variety. * Competitor has different product size. * Lack of promotion. | Opportunities * Fast market expansion. * Younger as an influence. * Innovative Promotions. * Good Brand name. | | | Ad Analysis: As Fit crackers is a biscuit targeted towards th e young generation who are always in a hurry and don’t get enough nutrition, the Tvc and Newspaper Ad of this product also generate the intension to grab that particular target markets attention. Lots of colors have been used with a humorous story. Source: Prothom Alo Newspaper, Bangladesh 17 September, Page 20 Page No. 09 Product Lifecycle: A new product progresses through a sequence of stages from product development to introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. This sequence known as the product life cycle and is associated with changes in the marketing situation, thus affecting the marketing strategy and the marketing mix. PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE FOR FIT CRACKERS, THE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS IS: THIS PRODUCT IS ON NOW IN MATURITY STAGE(information provided by Pran company) * In maturity stage one or more competitors can come. And a competitor named FnF Crackers come in market and they offers lower price than fit Crackers. * Fit crackers features enhanced to differentiate the product from that of competitors. Page No. 10 Conclusion: Page No. 11 From the overall point of view we can conclude that Pran is a good company which has great value in the market which come up Fit crackers with successive strategy which has great demand in the market when competitors were absent in the market. Now markets are flourished with new product with variety according to consumer choice. One of the competitive products of Fit Crackers is FnF Crackers of Danish Group come up with variety with good price. But one thing Fnf Crackers not have which is brand name but Pran has so still have chance of fit crackers to regain his position in the market if they come up with new variety of product of Fit Crackers with variety taste which should superior than other. To draw attention of consumer Pran have to promote its product more and more by Tv, Magazine, Radio, Newspaper etc. Thank You How to cite Fit Crackers Market Analysis, Essay examples

A Study on the Influence of “No Approved Therapeutic Claims” in Dietary Supplements on the Buying Behavior of the Customers of Mercury Drug Branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite Essay Example For Students

A Study on the Influence of â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims† in Dietary Supplements on the Buying Behavior of the Customers of Mercury Drug Branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite Essay A Study on the Influence of â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims† in Dietary Supplements on the Buying Behavior of the Customers of Mercury Drug Branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the COMMUNICATION ARTS DEPARTMENT COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY-DASMARINAS Dasmarinas, Cavite In Partial Fulfilment Of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Arts in Communication Cervantes, April E. Vergara, Anna Lou C. Vidamo, Margielyn L. April 2010 APPROVAL SHEET This undergraduate thesis entitled: Influence of â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims† in Dietary Supplements on the Buying Behavior of the Customers of Mercury Drug Branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite by Cervantes, April E. , Vergara, Anna Lou C. , Vidamo, Margielyn L. in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Communication, has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval for oral defense. Roel S. Ramirez, APR MIAN RAYRAY Professor Adviser THESIS REVIEW PANEL Approved by the Committee on oral examination with a grade of __________. ARTIN UMALI NORNELYN L. CACHUELA MemberMember Roel S. Ramirez, APR Member Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Communication. Rosanni Recreo – Sarile Chair, Communication Arts Department Emmanuel F. Calairo, PhD Dean, College of Liberal Arts Abstract De La Salle University- Dasmarinas Dasmarinas, Cavite Title: Influence of â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims† in Dietary Supplements on the Buying Behavior of the Customers of Mercury Drug Branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite. Authors: Cervantes, April E. , Vergara, Anna Lou C. , Vidamo, Margielyn L. Degree: AB Communication Date started: February 11, 2010 Objectives of the Study Statement of the Problem General Problem Statement: To determine the influence of â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims† in dietary supplements on the buying behavior of the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite. Specific Problem Statements: 1. What is the level of awareness of the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite to â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims†? 2. How well do the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite understand the â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims†? . How does â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims† affect the buying decision of the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite in terms of their: 3. a Buying with conviction, 3. b Buying with hesitation, 3. c Postponement in buying, and 3. d Not buying at all? 4. How frequent do the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite buy d ietary supplements? Scope and Coverage This study focused on the influence of â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims† in dietary supplements on the buying behavior of the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite. The respondents of the study were restricted to the customers of Mercury Drug branches located only in Dasmarinas, Cavite. It did not include other consumers buying from other pharmacies or drug stores situated in Dasmarinas, Cavite. The study only focused on dietary supplements and not on the other types of supplements in the market. It concentrated only on the buying behavior of the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite. It did not concern the other types of behavior and the effect of dietary supplements to the respondents’ health. The study centred only on the packaging of dietary supplements that has the disclaimer â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims†. Methodology The researchers used descriptive research to obtain information related to the study. It used survey questionnaire as an instrument to get information needed in the study. The researchers conducted and distributed surveys questionnaires using 100 Statistical Boundary as a sampling technique to the customers of different Mercury Drug Branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite_34 respondents in Robinson’s Pala-Pala Branch, 33 respondents in Dasmarinas Aguinaldo Highway Branch, and 33 respondents Paliparan, Dasmarinas Branch. The researchers used the Percentage Distribution formula to determine the data of the survey: The formula for the computation of percentage distribution is The second formula helped in determining the mean of the data. That is the weighted mean. With the aid of a statistician, the researchers got the results of the survey of the study. From the results, the proponents based the conclusion of the study. Major Findings Based on the result of the survey, it shows that most of the respondents are aware of â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims†. They understand its meaning and it also affects their decision of buying dietary supplements. Therefore, they agree that they are hesitant to buy dietary supplements. Their opinion is neutral when asked about their determination to buy dietary supplements. They agreed that â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims† has an effect to their buying decision. For the topic, frequency of buying dietary supplements, most of the respondents answered that they do not buy dietary supplements followed by they buy it once a month. Conclusion: 1. No Approved Therapeutic Claims† has an influence on the buying behavior because most of the customers are aware of the disclaimer and they understand its meaning. 2. They also agreed that it affects their buying decision. It was found out that the customers’ conviction to buy is only on neutral. They agreed that they are hesitant to buy dietary supplements with the disclaimer. They also agreed that they postpone buying dietary supplements and a great percentage agreed that they do not buy at all after seeing the disclaimer. 3. Moreover, most of the customers do not buy dietary supplements. Recommendations: 1. This study should be used as a source of information for Advertising and Marketing students because of the data presented are related to the course. 2. Future researchers can include different media tools as they are usually used in advertising and it is also important to have the profile of the respondents to know its relation to the influence of the disclaimer â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims†. 3. Advertising agencies must have strategies to convince the customers to buy the products since, disclaimer influences the buying behavior of the customers. List of Figures: . Figure 1. The conceptual Paradigm of the Study 2. Table 1. The awareness of â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims† indicated on the dietary supplements 3. Table 2. The level of awareness of the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite to â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims† 4. Table 3. The level of understanding to â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims† as perceived by the customers 5. Table 4. The level of decision of buying dietary Supplements 6. Table 5. The level of conviction of the customers in buying dietary supplements with â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims† 7. Table 6. The level of hesitation to buy dietary supplements with â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims†. 8. Table 7. The level of postponement in buying dietary supplements with â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims†. 9. Table 8. The level of people not buying at all buying dietary supplements with â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims†. 10. Table 9. The number of times the respondents buy a box of dietary supplements 11. Table 10. The Summary on the influence of â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims† in dietary supplements on the buying behavior of the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite Acknowledgement This thesis would not be possible without the help of these people who had been a major part of our college life: First of all, we would like to thank God Almighty for guiding us, protecting us, and providing us the strength to finish this study. If not for His loving presence, we would have never completed this study and may have, in the process, damaged our friendship. To our families: the Cervantes, Vergara, and Vidamo family, we thank them for being the people who never stood their backs against us and continued to push us and inspire us to do the right things. They may be different people but one thing is common with them and that is their patience towards us. We thank them most especially for the love they give us everyday of our lives. To the Communication Arts department and to our professors and mentors who served as our second family, we thank you for your encouragement. To our friends especially our Com 42 family who never failed to cheer us up and have been part of our support system together with our families, we appreciate the love and the laughter. TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE1 APPROVAL SHEET 2 ABSTRACT 3-8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS 10-11 Chapter I. Background of the Study Introduction12-17 Statement of the Problem 17- 18 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework 19-25 Hypothesis 26 Scope and Delimitation 26-27 Significance of the Study 27-29 Definition of Terms 29-31 Chapter II. Review of Related Literature Conceptual Literature 32-48 Research Literature49 Synthesis50-51 Chapter III. Methodology Research Design 52-53 Research Locale 53 Sample and Sampling Technique used 53-54 Instrumentation 54-56 Statistical Analysis 56-58 Chapter IV. Results and Discussion Specific Question No. 1 59-63 Specific Question No. 2 64-65 Specific Question No. 3 66-73 Specific Question No. 4 73-77 Chapter V. Summary, Conclusion, Recommendation Summary 78-79 Findings 80 Conclusion 80-84 Recommendation 84-85 References 86-89 Appendices 90-95 Curriculum Vitae Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND This chapter delves on the introduction of this study including the statement of the problem, the rationale, the hypothesis, and the framework used by the researchers. It also includes the study’s scope and limitation, the definition of terms and the significance of the study to different people. Introduction Advertising nowadays is a basic part of the people’s day to day lives. The public see and hear advertisements every day, from the moment they wake up in the morning and read the latest stories in the newspaper up to the time when they get back from work and watch the late news. It never fails to be included on anything man reads, watches, and listens to. It is a very powerful tool that companies from all over world lavishly use in order to introduce their products or services in the market and then eventually sell them. Advertising is a massive world of its own. It requires creativity in all its aspects in order to catch the attention of the public (at first), and then persuade these people to come and try their offered products and services. It is a tried and tested medium that allows a product to be a part of the lives of the potential market and permits a service to be a handy assistance that can be used as a functional necessity or a relaxing luxury. It is a paid form of service that reaches out to the masses and intends to persuade them into buying whatever they are offering. It uses the tri-media which is the use of television, radio, and print. Advertisers buy the airtime to put in their commercials which is played in between television shows and radio programs. On the other hand, print space is what people call to that area in the newspaper, magazines or journals used for print ads. An advertisement is a way that companies use to show the people the benefits that they can acquire from using their products. Most of the time, it is divided into health, beauty/ vanity (which also includes hygiene), food, and other different service products. People use whatever merchandise present in the market that promises the most number of benefits in comparison to other products. Beauty ads guarantee people a better and improved part of their body like a healthier and whiter skin in 7 days, a straighter and smoother hair, and even smaller eye bags in just a few day’s use. Food ads nonetheless focus on enticing the public with mouth-watering delights that people can experience from different restaurants or fast food chains. Health advertisements, on the other hand are about medicines, supplements, and any kind of pharmaceutical drugs intended to cure or improve a person’s wellbeing. It is, by any means, one of the most important aspects man should give prior attention to. Health is a vital part of the great experience of living. The truth of this has been known from early times. Every age has made new discoveries about health, thereby providing man with new weapons to fight diseases. Today, steady progress is being made in the field of education, nutrition, medicine, and surgery as well as public health. Attempts are being made to give everyone a fair chance to lead a healthier and fuller life (Nisha, Maimun, 2006). People from all walks of life make conscious efforts to take good care of their health as it defines the kind and the quality of life that one can have. The correct protection and attention to one’s health also determines the length of a person’s life span. The Filipinos are known to be health conscious individuals who devote a lot of their time attending to their health. The Filipinos ingenuity regarding their physical condition confirms their attitude and perspective about health which can be traced back to the native Filipinos wherein they make use of different herbal and organic plants abundant in the environment to cure their sicknesses and ailments. However, health nowadays is mixed up with man’s conscious efforts to beautify oneself which results to a conflict on what to better prioritize. With this issue of man’s obsession to stay fit and slim and become healthy at the same time, different means have been utilized to help maintain a desired figure and protect man’s health. And one of these ways which is present in the market today is the use of supplements. Supplements are slowly becoming a trend to Filipinos. These are used to help alleviate health problems and support one’s healthy wellbeing. Supplements are known to be additional intake that is meant to make up for any deficiency that is present in a person’s body. Some of the examples of supplements are food supplements, herbal supplements, and dietary supplements. In the Philippines and in the United States, food, herbal, and dietary supplements are regulated as foods. This statement means that they are only additional intakes that do not meet the same standards that drugs and over-the-counter medications can provide. Dietary supplements, in particular, are called as nutritional supplements or neutraceuticals. This type of supplements contains vitamins, minerals, herbs or other botanicals, amino acids, enzymes, and/or other ingredients intended to supplement the diet. This has been very in demand in the market since it not only helps a person regulate his/her weight and â€Å"diet† but at the same time acts as a healthy option that is made up of herbal ingredients that assure the people of its safety. In the United States in 1990, all dietary supplements were tightly regulated by the FDA and only included essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and proteins. It was also in the 1990’s when the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act expanded the category to include herbs or similar nutritional substances. In 1994, a law was passed that drastically changed the dietary supplement marketplace. That law is the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) that expanded the category of dietary supplements to further include substances such as: Ginseng, fish oils, enzymes, glandular products such as hormones and steroids, and mixtures of these. According to the US Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994, a dietary supplement is a product that contains substances like vitamins, minerals, foods, botanicals, amino acids and is intended to supplement the usual intake of these substances. Dietary supplements are found in pill, tablet, capsule, powder or liquid form and are meant to be taken by mouth. Some of the examples of these dietary supplements that are present in the Philippines are Fitrum, Slenda, Xenical and mor e. In the Philippines, however, dietary supplements as required by the law HB03544 must claim a â€Å"No (Approved) Therapeutic Claim†. This House Bill is an act regulating the use of â€Å"No (Approved) Therapeutic Claim† on supplemental medicines and other related preparations thereby mandating proper package labelling and establishing a standard of protection and promoting the welfare of consumers and for other purposes. In the US, â€Å"No approved therapeutic claims† would generally mean that a supplement has not yet been determined by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) to be as safe and effective as advertised. It could also mean that no studies and long-term research have yet been done to determine the efficacy of the pill, or herb in actually treating anything. This phrase usually serves as a disclaimer of sorts. This is the reason why the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA) was passed by US Congress which ensures consumers rights to access safe and effective dietary supplements. BFAD is the Philippine agency that oversees the safety of foods (including dietary supplements), medicines, medical devices and cosmetics. Last March 2008, BFAD issued a public advisory stating that supplements have no medical benefits except as additional nutrients which simply means= â€Å"HINDI NAKAGAGAMOT†. There are now 21,310 food products registered with BFAD including food supplements and neutraceuticals wherein 32 are herbal meds and over 12,500 pharmaceuticals are registered. This overflowing number of supplements including dietary supplements is available in different pharmacies and drug stores around the Philippines and the biggest one would be Mercury Drug. Because of the engaging benefits presented in the advertisements and also in the packaging of these dietary supplements amidst some disclaimers, people could not help but purchase them. The effectiveness of advertisements is clearly affecting a persons buying behavior. The buying behavior is defined as the acts and processes people go thru in buying and using a certain product. The buying behavior is an important aspect that helps customers to decide whether or not s/he will purchase a product. The buying behavior of a customer is susceptible to different stimulus that may influence and affect one’s decision. The label â€Å"No approved therapeutic claim† is an example of a stimulus that can influence a person’s buying behavior. Statement of the Problem General Problem Statement: To determine the influence of â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims† in dietary supplements on the buying behavior of the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite. Specific Problem Statements: 5. What is the level of awareness of the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite to â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims†? 6. How well do the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite understand the â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims†? 7. How does â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims† affect the buying decision of the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite in terms of: 3. a Buying with Conviction, 3. b Buying with Hesitation, 3. c Postponement in Buying, and 3. d Not buying at all? 8. How frequent do the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite buy dietary supplements? Framework of the Study Theoretical Framework Herzberg’s theory Frederick Herzberg developed a â€Å"two factor theory† of motivation, which distinguishes between dissatisfiers (factors that cause dissatisfaction) and satisfiers (factors that cause satisfaction). This theory of motivation has two implications. First, sellers should do their best to prevent dissatisfiers from affecting the buyer. These dissatisfiers might be a poor training manual or a poor service policy. Second, the manufacturer should carefully identify the major satisfiers or motivators of purchase and be sure to supply them. This study, which focuses on the Influence of the disclaimer No Approved Therapeutic Claims to the buying behavior of the customers, uses the same basic factors and philosophy which is implied to Herzbergs Theory of Motivation. If these terms are to be used in the study, the disclaimer No Approved Therapeutic Claims would be classified as a dissatisfier because the â€Å"real definition of No Approved Therapeutic Claims† is a supplement that has not yet been determined to be as safe as advertised and that no studio and long term research have yet been done to determine the efficacy of the pill or herb in actually treating anything. According to Herzberg, a person’s buying choices are further influenced by five major psychological factors- motivation, perception, attribution, learning, and beliefs and attitudes. . Motivation. A person has many needs at a given day. Some needs are biogenic. They arise from physiological state of tension such as hunger, thirst, discomfort. Other needs are psychogenic. They arise from psychological states of tension such as the need for recognition, esteem, or belonging. There are three best known theories of human motivation- Freud’s theory of Motivation, Maslow’s Theory of Motivation, and Herzberg’s Theory of Motivation. There is a drive that people feel in something like he needs. WWII - Prisoners of War EssayThese, in turn, influence their buying behavior. People do not have to interpret and react to every object in a fresh way. Types of buying behavior Consumer decision making varies with the type of buying decision. The types of buying behavior are as follows: A. Complex Buying Behavior. Consumers go through a complex buying behavior when they are highly involved in a purchase and aware of significant differences existing among brands. Consumers are highly involved in a purchase when it is expensive, bought infrequently, risky, and highly self-expressive. Typically, consumers do not know much about the product category and have much to learn. B. Dissonance- reducing Buying Behavior. Sometimes the consumer is highly involved in a purchase but sees little difference in the brands. The buyer may respond primarily to a good price or the convenience of purchasing at the time or place. C. Habitual Buying behavior. Many products are bought under conditions of low consumer involvement and the absence of significant brand differences. Consumer behavior does not pass through the normal belief/ attitude/behavior sequence. Consumers do not search extensively for information about the brands, evaluate their characteristics, and make a weighty decision on which one to buy. Instead, they are passive recipients of information as they watch television or see print ads. Ad repetition creates brand familiarity rather than brand conviction. Consumers do not really form an attitude toward a brand but select it simply because it is familiar. So, the buying process is: brand beliefs formed by a passive learning, followed by purchase behavior, which may or may not be followed by an evaluation. D. Variety Seeking Buying Behavior. Some buying situations are characterized by low consumer involvement but significant brand differences. Consumers are often observed to do a lot of brand switching. Brand switching occurs for the sake of variety rather than dissatisfaction. â€Å"No approved therapeutic claims† In a special report of Paul M. Icamina entitled â€Å"Some Supplements Don’t Cure, They Actually Harm Patients† published in http://www. manilatimes. net last November 16, 2008, BFAD issued a public advisory that food supplements have no medical benefits except as additional nutrients last March 2008. The advisory warned that the use or ingestion of dietary supplements in lieu of regular medication is not right and may result in complications or side effects. The intake of supplements is compared to just like eating ordinary vegetables and drinking fruit juices, except that these are in capsules, tablets, syrups, powder forms, concentrates and so on. Sa madaling salita, ANG MGA ITO AY HINDI NAKAGAGAMOT ,† the advisory said. The all-capital-letter emphasis is that of BFAD. Ben Rosario in his article Local Labeling of Food Supplements Proposed, said that â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims† imprinted on all boxes, labels, containers, and bottles as advisories of food supplements should be replaced by the Tagalog phrase â€Å"Wala pang pinatutunayang bisa† and other major regional dialects with the same meaning. In house Resolution No. 169, Pampanga Rep. Aurelio D. Gonzales Jr. insisted that the English phrase of the food advisories written on food supplement boxes is not easily understood by consumers who believe that such products have healing effects for certain sicknesses. Gonzales noted that enterprising manufacturers have launched well-funded advertising campaigns to hoodwink consumers about the medical efficacy of their products. He said that although the Bureau of Food and Drugs has been implementing a law making the medical advisories mandatory in all food supplement containers, many consumers are fooled about the efficacy of the products due to the testimonies aired by endorsers that usually include doctors. The English warning may â€Å"be difficult to understand for many Filipinos†. In order for these warnings and advisories to be more meaningful, there may be a need to translate them into the vernacular or in several regional languages so that more people will understand them†, said Gonzales. Additional advice from Gonzales is that Food supplements sold in my district should have this inscription â€Å"Ala pang patunayang bisa. † A similar legislative measure has been proposed by Iloilo Rep. Ferjenel Biron who sought a ban on the advertising of food supplements. Biron, a doctor, lamented that despite the fact that curative value of many herbal and chemical food supplements have not yet been proven, many physicians have joined advertising campaigns to endorse them. (Rosario, Ben, PDI: Local Labeling of Food Supplements Proposed) Another article, â€Å"Herbal Medicines Hindi pang masa? †, of Edwin P. Santiago states â€Å"Lalong naging masidhi ang kanyang pagnanais na malaman pa ang mga misteryong bumabalot sa mga produktong ito ng mapuna ko na ang mga gamut na ipinagbibili ay rehistrado sa Bureau of Food and Drugs bilang mga food supplement at hindi bilang gamot. Totoo nga na ang karamihan ay naglalagay ng mga babala sa label o kahon, katulad ng â€Å"No approved therapeutic claims†, ngunit kapag binasa mo ang mga literature na nakapaloob sa mga sisidlan ay katakut-takot na claims sa pagpapagaling ang mga nakasulat dito. Mayroon pang nagpapagaling ng kanser, nakapagpapatubo ng buhok, nakagagamot sa insomnia, high-blood pressure at iba pa. At ng aking suriin ang mga literature ay napuna ko na mas malamang ang temang panghihikayat sa paggamit kaysa impormasyon ng drug adverse reaction, incompatibility sa ibang gamot, o mga naaprubahang indikasyon sa sakit ang nakasulat dito. Ang mga literature ay nagsisilbing marketing phamplets ng mga gamot na ipinagbibili na kung minsan ay naghihikayat sa isang namimili na maniwala at magkaroon ng false hope sa mga produktong nabanggit. Sa aking pananaw ay masama ang dulot ng false hope sa may mga sakit na kailangang gamutin ng mga rehistradong gamot na mayroong mga clinical traits at bioavailability studies. Sa aking pagsusuri ay aking napag-alaman na binibigyang pahintulot na ipagbili sa taong-bayan ang mga herbal products bilang â€Å"food supplement† sa dahilang wala pang documented na pag-aaral na isinumite sa BFAD upang patunayan na ang mga ito ay nakagagaling ng sakit. No approved therapeutic claims† Requirements BFAD—a Department of Health agency—specifies, subject to space, the font size (14 points) and type (Arial) and all capital and bold letters for the â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims† label. The only nutrition claims permitted relate to energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, fiber, sodium, vitamins and minerals. Health claims must be based on current scientific substantiation. Any health claim must be acceptable to health authorities and the claimed benefit should come from the consumption of a â€Å"reasonable quantity† of the food cited in the article of Paul M. Icamina published in http://www. manilatimes. net last November 16, 2008. According to the article of Michael Tan in the Philippine Daily Inquirer, the only requirement BFAD has is that â€Å"no therapeutic claims† is made by distributors, but this rule is observed more in the breach. Often enough, the products are sold without any medicinal claims; sometimes they’ll even have a sticker saying â€Å"No Therapeutic Claims,† but promotional materials will often name all kinds of sicknesses for which the supplement is supposedly effective. Sometimes, too, the promotional literature will contain all kinds of testimonies, and so-called scientific explanations for the products’ â€Å"effectiveness. † Dietary Supplements According to the article of Vanessa Doctor from http://ezinearticles. com, the use of herbal and dietary supplements poses major health risks and these risks are largely due to the varying nature of herbal preparations, as well as the lack of consumer protection generally given to prescription drugs by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) because herbal and dietary supplements are not officially classified as drugs. Herbal medicines and dietary supplements are generally processed plant ingredients, solvent extracts, or essential oils of plants. All plants, including herbs, naturally synthesize a lot of complex chemical compounds as part of their metabolic activities. Many of these extracts are not directly related to the plants energy production but are toxins synthesized by the plant in order to ward off other plants, herbivores, and plant parasites. Based from the article of Paul M. Icamina published in http://www. manilatimes. et last November 16, 2008, thousands of applications are filed every year and approval takes from three to six months. The PSD is currently processing applications filed from January to February. It is relatively cheap—P3,000 initial fee for two years, renewable at P200 each year. The process is strict. The product, for example, must be in the international Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) list. Among many other requirements, it should conform to the Recommend ed Energy and Nutrient Intake (RENI) dosage per day. More than the RENI standards, the product is considered a drug and must undergo separate processes for pharmaceuticals or medicines. For products used for more than 30 days, toxicity tests of 90 days are required; products to be used for more than 30 days are tested on rodents and mice for at least nine months. Evidence of safety is based on documented prolonged and apparently uneventful use of the traditional herbal product. Even then, it is not allowed for use in pregnant, lactating mothers and children below 18 years and should be labeled as such. Based on the article written by Rone Reyes, M. D. , an increasing number of Filipinos are taking vitamins, minerals, herbs, or other supplements. A few like folic acid and saw palmetto, for example are beneficial. Some such as soy isoflavones, ginseng, and garlic-may or may not be. And others-especially ephedra, usnic acid, and kava- are dangerous. Found on his research that in 2003, Mary Palmer, MD, an emergency room physician and toxicologist, along with her colleagues, published an article in Lancet which analyzed nearly 500 calls about bad reactions to supplements that had been phoned to 11 poison control centers in the US in 1998. When Palmer started the study, some of the supplements were found to include heart attacks, liver failure, bleeding, seizures and death. In the US, more than 20,000 complaints about the weight-loss products containing ephedra, including scores of deaths, have been registered during the past decade. Supplements are regulated much more than loosely than drugs that it’s impossible to know how much harm they cause. Drugs can be sold only if companies have enough evidence to convince the FDA and panels of independent experts that they are safe and effective and that their benefits justify their risks. In contrast, â€Å"The dietary supplement market is the Wild West,† says Henry Waxman, a California congressman and longtime champion of measures to protect consumer’s health. According to Tina Aboitiz Juan, in her column, Well and Good, â€Å"Supplements containing caffeine or ephedrine are not only substances that can destroy your health. Herbal concoctions may be â€Å"natural† but they are not always safe. The United States Food and Drug Administration reports a number of deaths and near-deaths associated with the use of â€Å"slimming† teas. These are not the safe herbal teas like ginger, chamomile or mint. These are the teas sold specifically for â€Å"slimming†. They usually contain herbal laxatives, diuretics and stimulants. Long term use of these teas can lead to dehydration and diarrhea which, in turn, can cause life-threatening potassium depletion. Since proper heart function is partly dependent on correct electrolyte balance, a severe deficiency of potassium can trigger a heart attack even in a healthy young adult. BFAD Regulation In the article of Paul M. Icamina entitled â€Å"Some supplements don’t cure, they actually harm patients† published in http://www. manilatimes. et last November 16, 2008, the first step to protect the consumer is a cease-and-desist order that stops the distribution of a product that falsely claims therapeutic effects. Then the manufacturer or distributor is required to explain why no administrative sanction should be made by BFAD’s Legal Information and Compliance Division. The fine is anywhere from a few hundred pesos up to P5,000 depending on the violation. A promo without a BFAD permit is fined P200. For an unregistered drug, the fine is P5,000 up to P10,000 per product. Advertising Law According to Pagunsan (2004), the Sec. 26 (Disclaimer) of the book Law and Advertising states that the labeling or packaging is generally an act attributable to the manufacturer, alone or aided by an advertising company. As a rule, therefore, only manufacturers shall be charged with the violation. All others who have a hand directly or indirectly in preparing, however, be included in the illegal act. The requirement is intended to give the consumer as much information about the product, over and above the enticing advertisements on television or radio. House Bill In connection with the researcher’s study, people have their own decision whether to buy or not to buy the product. The researchers applied the buying decision subtopics: conviction, hesitation, or no effect. An act of regulating the use of â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims† on supplemental medicines and other related preparation thereby mandates proper package labelling and establishes standard of protection and promotion for welfare of consumers and for some purposes (www. Congres. gov. ph). This Hose Bill was proposed by Benjamin D Asilo, the 1st District representative from Manila. Mercury Drug An article written by Mariano Que, the founder of Mercury Drug, said that Mercury Drug Corporation today has grown beyond our expectation. It all began in February 1945 when most of the businesses were destroyed. After the liberation of our country from the Japanese by the Americans, Bambang Street, Sta. Cruz, Manila became the center of much activity a place where many came to buy and sell merchandise. Encouraged by the crowd and the energy of entrepreneurism, I started Mercury Drug by selling medicines from a pushcart. From the pushcart to the opening of the first small drugstore in Bambang on March 1, 1945, Mercury Drug has grown into a network of over 700 company-owned and franchised stores all over the country. This is in fulfillment of the company’s vision of bringing safe and affordable health-enhancing and life-saving medicines closer to the people of the Philippines. Looking forward, Mercury Drug dreams to more opportunities of fulfilling business relationship with the public, by renewing its collective commitment of serving its customers whose trust and patronage has allowed Mercury Drug to continue its corporate existence. MERCURY DRUG†¦. SERVING OUR CUSTOMERS BETTER from its humble beginnings, Mercury Drug has gone beyond expectations. Shortly after the liberation of Manila from Japanese occupation, Mariano Que, realizing the need of the people for medicines, bought with his hard earned savings of P100 a bottle of 1000 tablets of Sulfathiazole and sold it â€Å"patingi-tingi† for P1. 00 per tablet in the sidewalks of Bambang, Manila. From pushcart – peddling and with his previous working experience in a drugstore before the war, he eventually opened his first small drugstore in Bambang Street. Mercury Drug has today grown into a vast network of over 700 company-owned and franchised stores nationwide. Mercury Drug believes that it owes its success to the millions of customers who have trusted and patronized the drugstore chain all throughout these years. Its feat could also not have been possible without its pool of professional and dedicated staff numbering close to 9,000 today. As a way of giving back to the people, Mercury Drug vows to bring quality, safe and affordable health-enhancing and life-saving medicines closer to the public. In the first place, it is what the name Mercury Drug stands for. In Roman mythology, Mercury is known as the god of commerce and manual skill. Being the messenger of gods, Mercury needed a winged feet for his swift flights. Mercury Drug remains committed to its name as seen on its corporate philosophy of total and speedy customer service: â€Å"To serve you, to have what you want, when you want it. † Aside from bringing its chain of stores closer to the homes of the people, Mercury Drug has constantly endeavoured to reach the hearts of the customers. To achieve this, Mercury Drug has taken pride in the introduction of many firsts in the drug retailing business all in an effort to satisfy, please and further serve the people. Research Literature The study made by Baring (2002) entitled â€Å"Effects of the Radio Program â€Å"Knowledge Power† on the Health Consciousness of Selected Individuals in Camella Homes, San Nicolas, Bacoor, Cavite†, found out that health consciousness seems to have become a fad; more people are getting aware of their health needs, for certain sectors to have designed programs to suit individual needs in promoting good health. Based on the Review of Related Literature of Digno Sabillo (2005) in the thesis â€Å"A study of Johnson Johnson’s JPE† Digno and Sabillo found out that consumers’ buying behaviors are influenced by forces that can be separated into three groups. Psychological influences encompass the complex emotions, motivations, attitudes and other internal forces that lead people to make decisions. These psychological factors are themselves influenced from the outside by the remaining group of forces. Social and Interpersonal influences cover a wide variety of external pressures, including families, friends, ethnic groups and co-workers. Situational influences stem from the circumstances surrounding a purchase such as the time of the year or the reason for making a particular purchase. Naturally, financial resources-both cash and available credits-affect purchase behavior to a large extent as well. Psychological influences include age, income, and other demographic factors. It also covers the different psychological factor such as needs and motives, attitude and lifestyle. Synthesis The Conceptual Literature provides a comprehensive explanation of the variables used in the study. It guarantees that the variables are not overlooked. The first literature for the buying behavior which is from the book Marketing Management helped the researchers to have more focus, direction and clarity regarding the buying behavior. It also includes more details about buying behavior like the types of the major influences affecting the buying behavior; these were important to know because they were be used for the survey and in answering the general problem statement. The articles about â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims† helped the researchers in explaining the real meaning of the disclaimer â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims†. It also gives significance of conducting the study because it supports that there are people who do not understand the meaning of the disclaimer. Confusion for the buyers can also be apprehended from the articles because of the said disclaimer. These all strengthened the need to conduct the study. The researchers also included the dietary supplements in the Conceptual Literature. Because of this, the readers will be familiar on the previous studies done that are related to this study. The meaning of dietary supplements and other additional perspectives is also discussed to have more knowledge and awareness of dietary supplements and its effect to humans. BFAD Regulation, Advertising Laws and House Bill are conferred to support consideration and the need to display the â€Å"No Approved Therapeutic Claims† on dietary supplements. The article from the website of Mercury Drug supports the reason why the researchers chose Mercury Drug where they can get the respondents for the survey. Mercury Drug has expanded into 700 company opened stores all over the country. This means that the business is still growing and improving over the years and will always be a part of Filipinos’ preference of a leading drugstore. The study under the Research Literature discusses how important health is to people which is another element that holds up the need to conduct the study. The study made by Digno Sabillo gave added perspectives on the buying ehavior which is an important variable of this study because that’s what the re

Is Cultural Branding Consistent with Porters Generic Strategies

Free Essays on Seth Jones

There are only a couple of traits in Seth Jones’s character that I find believable. I find the fact that Seth is helping Alfred Haverland to save his daughter is a believable scenario. I also think the concern and caring for Mr. Haverland’s daughter is believable. Which speaks to Seth’s dominant hero traits. There are a lot of things that are completely unbelievable in the character of Seth Jones. Take for instance the way Seth talks and acts toward the Indians. Even if the Indians understood English I doubt they would put up with the attitude of Seth. Most of the over all character of Seth Jones is unbelievable and inflated to make him out like some kind of gentlemen mountainman. The western frontier was a rough place and mountainmen did have to know a lot about the Indians with trade and such but Seth Jones’s character takes that a little to far. The character of Seth Jones was based loosely on Daniel Boone. I think a character like that of Daniel Boone would help a friend to find his kidnapped daughter. Any man of the caliber of character associated with Seth Jones would have to help. If he didn’t help, he would not be much of a hero. Putting Seth into the kind of situation as that in The Captives of the Frontier makes him into the hero character he is. I also think that a lot of men in that situation, with a friend in need of help finding his daughter, would help that friend and his daughter. Which brings me to another of the believable traits of Seth Jones’s character, the way Seth is concerned for and cares about the welfare of Alfred’s daughter. Seth had to have concern for Alfred’s daughter (Ina) or he wouldn’t have gone to try and find her and bring her home. Of course a hero type character like Seth would care for the life of a friends daughter. I think anyone who has friends with... Free Essays on Seth Jones Free Essays on Seth Jones There are only a couple of traits in Seth Jones’s character that I find believable. I find the fact that Seth is helping Alfred Haverland to save his daughter is a believable scenario. I also think the concern and caring for Mr. Haverland’s daughter is believable. Which speaks to Seth’s dominant hero traits. There are a lot of things that are completely unbelievable in the character of Seth Jones. Take for instance the way Seth talks and acts toward the Indians. Even if the Indians understood English I doubt they would put up with the attitude of Seth. Most of the over all character of Seth Jones is unbelievable and inflated to make him out like some kind of gentlemen mountainman. The western frontier was a rough place and mountainmen did have to know a lot about the Indians with trade and such but Seth Jones’s character takes that a little to far. The character of Seth Jones was based loosely on Daniel Boone. I think a character like that of Daniel Boone would help a friend to find his kidnapped daughter. Any man of the caliber of character associated with Seth Jones would have to help. If he didn’t help, he would not be much of a hero. Putting Seth into the kind of situation as that in The Captives of the Frontier makes him into the hero character he is. I also think that a lot of men in that situation, with a friend in need of help finding his daughter, would help that friend and his daughter. Which brings me to another of the believable traits of Seth Jones’s character, the way Seth is concerned for and cares about the welfare of Alfred’s daughter. Seth had to have concern for Alfred’s daughter (Ina) or he wouldn’t have gone to try and find her and bring her home. Of course a hero type character like Seth would care for the life of a friends daughter. I think anyone who has friends with...

Do the events management questions on the ppt Assignment

Do the events management questions on the ppt - Assignment Example Current Supply Chain Management tools are capable of helping event managers and organizations achieve and retain a competitive edge through empowering them to streamline and improve their most vital supply chain operations from the beginning to the end. With the tools of supply chain management installed, the event manager and the organization in question can maximize cost-efficiency; enhance productivity while giving the bottom line a massive boost. The functionality is crafted to automate totally and enhance chain process (De Waart, 2013, p. 22). The supply chain package aids the event manager in bettering the supervision and management of the supplies, raw materials and the components needed for the events in the organization. As such, any possible threats of excessive wastes are accounted for, in the process freeing up valuable real estate for other vital functions and cuts on associated storage charges. In its role in the management of orders, the supply chain management drastically accelerates the execution of the whole order-to-delivery cycle through enabling firms to be more productive. SCM allows the dynamic scheduling of supplier deliveries to more efficiently meet the demand and more quickly create the pricing and product configuration (De Waart, 2013, p. 24) Another critical aspect of SCM is the ability to forecast and plan events in the organization (De Waart, 2013, p. 25). With the tools of SCM in place, the event manager can more specifically anticipate client needs and plan the procurement and production activities more accurately. Consequently, the event manager can avoid unnecessary purchases of raw materials, reduce production over-runs, and curtail the need to store vast quantities of processed goods. Another feature of supply chain management is logistical capability. With the rapid expansion of the organization on the global scale, the supply chains of such firms gain much complexity (De Waart, 2013, p.

Contemporary Development in Business and Management Essay

Contemporary Development in Business and Management - Essay Example The telecom network in India were historically owned and managed by the Government of India as they considered that natural monopoly and strategic service were best controlled under the states supervision. The Department of Telecommunication (DoT), which is now known as Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. (BSNL), was the single largest provider of telecom services. However, the examples of privatization in other economies in the 1990's, which resulted in better quality of service and lower tariffs, led Indian policy makers to initiate a change process. This finally resulted in unlocking the sector for the private operators. Unwrapping the sector was although greeted with a lot of optimism counting the potential and the kind of services the operators could offer, however the sky-scraping license fees, high investment requirements were not matched by a corresponding increase in revenues. With the subscriber base not matching up the expectation and airtime usage remaining sluggish, business plans made by the service providers began to falter that resulted in small companies winding up their businesses early. One of the first steps towards introducing reforms in the sector by the government was with the setting up of Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) in 1984. It was made with an objective of managing research in the switching and transmission segments. Thereupon, the government separated the Department of Post and Telegraph in 1985 by setting up the Department of Post and the Department of Telecommunications. In the year government instituted two public corporations viz. The Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) and the Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL). These were set up under supervision of Department of Telecommunications (DoT). The VSNL worked out an exclusive arrangement for access to undersea wideband cable capacity with Fibre Optic Link around the Globe (FLAG), an international telecom carrier in which it had invested US$37 million. However, the prime minister's office (PMO) intervened to make the VSNL review these exclusive rights. Ultimately, other private operators were given the right to work with FLAG and other similar carriers to have access to undersea bandwidth for providing ILD services. The VSNL's monopoly status was to be reviewed in the year 2004. Over a period of time the government diluted its stake in the VSNL by issuing global depository receipts (GDRs). Till the year 2000, the government still held nearly 53 per cent of the equity. The VSNL's incoming international traffic grew at an average rate of 24 per cent per annum between 1990 to 2000, and over the same period incoming calls grew by 12 per cent per annum. The VSNL's revenue could easily compare with the leading telecom companies of smaller countries like Chile, Pakistan, and Malaysia. In the year 1997, the government instituted a body called Telecom Regulatory Authority of India or TRAI. The authority was helpful in getting the private cellular operators approach them before contesting their case before DoT. The telecom Policies In 1994 the government issued the first ever Telecommunications Policy. The policy was issued to provide universal access to basic telecommunications services by 1997 and offered guidelines for entry of the private sector into basic telecommu

The Radical Past of Liberal Feminism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Radical Past of Liberal Feminism - Essay Example Although all groups had the similarity in fighting for women’s rights the approaches to classify the problem and define the methods to improve the women’s position were quite unlike. Any idea which is worth existence in society is inevitable to create an interest group and be originated from the political system. Feminism was not an exception. Thus, two confrontational ideas of the political system – Marxist and bourgeois – gave the names of the two feminists’ groups which argued different approaches to women’s freedom and equal rights. Critics’ review of both groups can help clearly understand these differences. Feminista.com online journal critically examines Marxist and liberal approaches to women’s freedom without supporting any of them. They argue that neither Marxist societal focus on women’s financial independence nor liberal feminists’ accusations of women’s unequal position based on biological gender could not help women to change something. (One Purpose, Many Voices). Let us have a deeper look why both approaches were not successful. Marxist feminism bought up the idea of turning the capitalist society into socialist one where no one (see men) has financially higher position and, therefore, women gain financial freedom. Yet, to have nothing means to be free. But who wants to not have any possessions or property for the idea of equal rights? If there is no property there is no control. If there is no control there is no any society, even socialist society. Thus, women should have been strived for gaining higher financial position rather than dismissing men from their financially dominant scale. Many feminists could not support Marxist approach because they were willing to be equal rich instead of being equal poor. Comparing with Marxist approach liberal feminists had quite an opposite focus. While Marxists desired to change a society as a structure liberalists focused on changing individuals in their society.  

Engineering Description or Classification of Weathered Rocks

Engineering Description or Classification of Weathered Rocks Introduction The description and Classification of Weathered rocks brought together a series of important studies by leading geologist and engineering researchers due to the countless difficulties encountered by engineers in weathered rock areas, how it affects site exploration, plan and evaluation steps during projects. In the 1950s there has been a considerable amount of literature published on the characterisation of weathered rocks and engineering properties of weathered materials, but there was little or no standardisation of descriptive terminology during this period, the use of these published data for the prediction of the engineering behaviour away from the original study areas is limited. Thereafter the publications by the Geological Society Engineering Group Working Party; the International Society of Rock Mechanics, the British Standards Institution, the International Association of Engineering Geologist and Dearman have rationalised the terminology by the use of standard descriptive indices and simple index testing. These schemes enable the geologist or Civil engineer to describe the materials and rock structure in engineering terms, and how it has been adopted for general practice worldwide. However the choice of which scheme to use is generally dependent on the preference of the engineer responsible. Background Analysis The earliest attempts to classify weathered rocks in such a manner that will prove useful to engineering goes back to the early 1950s when weathering classification of granite was introduced by Moye in the Snowy Mountains of Australia. Moye proposed the scheme for the promotion and identification of engineering properties of weathered rock materials and how it would help to formulate the weathering terms of granite when they are used during site investigation by various group of persons. Six classes of rock materials were described based on the concept that logging of cores would be done on the basis of recognition of weathering types irrespective of order; surface or downwards and without any attempt fitting the initial results of the logging into a formatted or general weathering profile with subsequent zones established in the rock mass. Little (1967), discussing laterites, suggested that the Moye classification could be applied to â€Å"other lateritic-type soils† and would be more successful for the purpose, than the usual temperate soil classification into clay, silts etc. The interesting feature was that Little applied grade numbers to the various degrees of weathering recognised by Moye (1955); grade I was fresh rock and grade VI was rock weathered to a residual soil. Then the classifications of weathered rock came to a stage where a group of specialist came together in the UK and published a report on the first formalised weathering classification of rocks under the name of Geological Society Engineering Group Working Party Report on The Logging of Rock Cores for Engineering Purposes (Anon, 1970 in (Dearman, 1995). Its evident that this was also mainly based on the classification of (Moye, 1955) scheme. However, few amendments were made; the Moyes granitic soil term was changed to residual soil thereby increasing the number of categories from six to seven classes. Thus the new scheme was suggested to apply for a broader range of rocks while it was initially devised to granite. Another point of interest was that of the Working Party scheme which relied mostly on general descriptions and observations, which includes friability while that of Moye was based on classification on specific index test. To pave the way for the mass scheme recommendation in BS5930: 1981 (Anon, 1995), thus the latter scheme grades were reduced back to 6 as it was originally done by (Moye, 1955) and the same terminology was used with a complete different meaning. The argument over using the description of the materials or the mass scales for a classification came on. However, the required different approaches was advocated and grading the materials recommended to be; decomposed, disintegrated, fresh and discoloured. Duncan (1969) also proposed a scheme based on texture, structure, composition and classification (calcareous or non-calcareous), colour and grain size. Following the publication of BS5930: 1981, attempts have been made at developing classification schemes which allow the degree of weathering to be defined for different lithologies, (Table.2) (Anon 1970, Anon 1977, BS 5930 1981). The early schemes (Anon 1970, for instance) were based on the chemical weathering of granite rocks and represented a hybrid material grade and zone scheme. In 1977, the working party of the Engineering Group of Geological Society on the Description of Rock Masses (Geological Society of London 1977) clearly separated the description of weathering on a rock mass scale. This scheme, like the earlier ones, placed great emphasis on the weathering profiles developed on granitic rocks in tropical and sub-tropical environments, although, little guidance was given for the description of weathering. The British Standard proposed that weathered rock materials may be described or graded using four terms: decomposes, disintegrated, fresh and discoloured, but they did not provide any guidance for determining and describing the degree or weathering. Attempts to use these schemes in the description of rock materials have met with difficulty. It is the opinion of the authors that any reference to the degree of weathering should be omitted from the description unless it is known with some certainty on the basis of experience and knowledge of the typical weathering profile for that rock type. For rock weathering in conditions where physical disintegration dominates, it is unlikely that the degree of weathering may be determined from examination of rock materials alone. The descriptive scheme for weathering was later criticized as being too restrictive in scope and not easily applicable to a wide range of rock types and structural situation, though this was the original intention. As its indicated by (Cragg and Ingman, 1995) a number of problems may arise when (BS5930: 1981) is used for major projects. At the initial stage it is difficult to extrapolate the weathering pattern in two or three dimensions of rock cores. In some occasions this question cannot be fully answered unless closely spaced boreholes are cored, logged and then mass zones are ascribed after the complete set has been logged. In addition, drill-hole may be insufficiently dense for a derivation of a mass tract from material core logs. The critics of (BS5930: 1981) do not always have more objective alternative schemes of classifications. For some the type of rock alternative schemes may be preferred over the (BS5930: 1981), including (Chandler, 1969) for Merica Mudstone and (Chandler, 1972) for Upper Lisa Clay and etc. In a situation where weathering dominates many aspects of geotechnics, the complementary classifications of (Moye, 1955) and (Ruxton and Berry, 1957) were essentially adopted as standards by the Hong Kong Government for engineering descriptions in 1979 (Anon, 1979) in (Anon, 1995), however, it is clear that all these alternatives are site or region specified. They are generally rock mass schemes based and gradational or depth controlled. The IAEG (Anon, 1981c) in (Anon, 1995) recommended a presumably factual scale of percentages of weathering with no guidance for how this scale should be applied. According to the scheme, the degree of weathering can be expressed quantitatively by laboratory study. But these approaches remain liable to lead to misunderstanding and disputes concerning descriptions. As far as the problems and difficulties prolonged in all engineering projects in the weathered rocks, the demand for such classification increased. Weathered rocks can cause particular difficulties especially in site investigations. They are often open textured and weakly bonded; they can be very sensitive to disturbance during sampling. Also their profile are often complex and variability cannot be predicted with standard geological interpolation or extrapolation. The confusion, inapplicability of the suggested classification schemes combined with the lack of agreement between professionals working in the field has led to various bodies producing their own classifications, e.g. (Anon, 1988b). Similarly, many have turned back to the (Anon, 1970) and (Anon, 1972). Some others keep using formation specified schemes like that of (Chandler, 1969). The Engineering Group of the Geological Society in an attempt to make critics see the ambiguity in its thesis has commissioned a Working Party to study the description and classification of weathered rocks for engineering purposes. The Report of Working Party (1995) provides a scheme for describing the state of weathering for uniform rock materials which are moderately strong or stronger in the fresh state which shows a clear gradation in engineering properties during weathering. The proposed classification scheme requires the use of appropriate index tests such as the point load text and slaking tests. The most logical approach to the problem of classifying degree of weathering is to describe the rock material without attempting to provide a statement on how weathered it may be, apart from commenting on the presence of discolouration, decomposition, voids and softening. Once sufficient descriptive data on the rock material and the rock mass has been acquired to establish the mechanisms and stages of weathering present, a site specific weathering classification can be developed to provide a consistent means of describing both the rock material and, more importantly the rock mass. According to (Anon, 1995); â€Å"The Working Party this time preferred to make recommendations rather than attempting to deal with all aspects of weathering†. In addition to circulating the draft at various stages among many correspondents and adding valued contribution to it, a three day meeting was held at the Leeds University, UK, in April 1994 for a more elaborate discussion. The Working Party report was then used during a day in the field and employed in the description of the weathered rocks in the laboratory (Anon, 1995). Conclusion Apart from the potential communication problems, there is a strong argument for the need to devise a single modified version of the weathered rock classification proposed that might find more general acceptance and be more readily applicable in field assessments, both rock material and rock mass.

The Role of Human Resource Management Related to Sexual Harassment in t

The Role of Human Resource Management (HRM) Related to Sexual Harassment in the Hospitality Industry Table of Contents Introduction 1 The Role of Human Resource Management (HRM) related to Sexual Harassment in Hospitality Industry 2 The Important Efforts of Human Resource Management (HRM) to Overcome Sexual Harassment in Hospitality Industry 4 Conclusion 6 References 7 Introduction â€Å"In May 2011 former IMF chief Dominique Strauss-Kahn was arrested for sexual assault employees in the hotel Sofitel New York† (ehotelier.com, 2013). The quote above shows an interesting case to study related to sexual harassment in the hospitality industry. A sexual harassment case was begun when Strauss-Kahn was a managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) would have been arrested caused by presumptive that he raped a 32-year old hotel employee at the Sofitel Hotel in New York. According to the hotel employee, the event began when Strauss-Kahn emerged from the bathroom and suddenly did sexual assault in the room at the Sofitel hotel in New York's Times Square. Then Strauss-Kahn left the hotel after the sexual harassment. But a few hours later, police arrested Strauss-Kahn on the Air France flight, 10 minutes before the plane was to fly to Paris. New York’s court prosecutor demanded Strauss-Kahn with three counts: two charges of first-degree sex offenses, one count of first-degree attempted raped and first-degree sexual abuse. In the end, the case of sexual harassment made by Strauss-Kahn ended by agreeing the payment of money to hotel employee at the Sofitel New York Hotel with secret in number. This case is certainly a challenge that must be faced by the company due to such events either directly or indire... ...com News Archives. [ONLINE] Available at: http://ehotelier.com/hospitality-news/item.php?id=P20921_0_11_0_C. [Accessed 09 March 2013]. Sofitel Maid in Strauss-Kahn Scandal | ehotelier.com News Archives. 2013. Sofitel Maid in Strauss-Kahn Scandal | ehotelier.com News Archives. [ONLINE] Available at: http://ehotelier.com/hospitality-news/item.php?id=P20921_0_11_0_C. [Accessed 09 March 2013]. Sabitha, M., (2008), â€Å"Sexual Harassment Awareness Training at Workplace: Can it effect Administrators' Perception?† JOAAG, Vol. 3(2): 1-16. Willness, C.R., Steel, P. and Lee, K. (2007), â€Å"A meta-analysis of the antecedents and consequences of workplace sexual harassment†, Personnel Psychology, Vol. 60, pp. 127-62. Worsfold, P., & McCann, C., (2000), â€Å"Supervised Experience and Sexual Harassment,†International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality, Vol. 12(4): 249-255.